French In Vietnam

When the French came to Vietnam, they changed a lot of things. They started schools where kids could learn in French and Vietnamese, and even opened a big university in Hanoi in 1902. Some kids from Vietnam got to study in France too. But, these schools were mostly in the cities. Kids from farming families didn't get to go to school much. The French also built new buildings and sometimes knocked down old ones, like temples and houses that had been around for a very long time.

The way the French ruled Vietnam wasn't very organized. They didn't have a clear plan, as long as Vietnam stayed under their control and they could make money from it. They had a lot of different governors come in and out, each doing things his own way. This led to some unfairness and corruption.

The biggest reason the French were in Vietnam was to make money. They changed how farming worked, focusing on growing things like rice and rubber to sell. This meant many Vietnamese people were working to make the French rich instead of just growing what they needed for themselves. The French took over a lot of land and made big farms. They also brought in Vietnamese farmers from other places to work, sometimes not treating them well. Plus, they made the Vietnamese pay a lot of taxes.

Now, talking about the Dutch in Indonesia, they were very strict about making sure the people there grew spices like nutmeg and cloves because they could sell these for a lot of money in Europe. The Dutch were very tough on the people, sometimes even torturing them if they didn't grow enough spices. Some Indonesian people tried to fight back against this, especially on the island of Java.

The Dutch East India Company, which was in charge of all this, made a lot of money but also spent a lot. They had to fight to keep control and spent on forts and roads. They eventually ran out of money and went bankrupt in 1800. But then the Dutch government took over and put in even stricter rules to make more money. They made the Indonesian people grow certain crops or work on government farms.

The Dutch government got rich by selling spices and other crops like sugar and coffee to Europe. But because they focused so much on these "cash crops", there wasn't enough food for the Indonesian people, which led to hunger and sickness.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the Dutch did some good things too, like building roads, bridges, and improving water systems. These projects helped make life a little better for the people and later helped Indonesia grow after it became independent.